Invasion of R.
palmarum in California was officially confirmed in 2011 in San
Diego County. These initial
detections were about 2.5 miles from the United States / Mexico border. It is believed that the invasion
originated from Tijuana Mexico, where infestations and dead palms had been
detected earlier. This palm weevil has a known distribution that includes
Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. Like other species of Rhynchophorus R. palmarumHYPERLINK
"/sites/g/files/rcwecm2631/files/2019-07/USDA-Palmarum-Fact-Sheet.pdf"
is a destructive palm pest in its native and invaded ranges.
Feeding by weevil larvae in the crown of palm trees,
causes significant damage. Dr. Mark
Hoddle of the University of California reports that this can result in the
death of meristematic tissues. If
meristematic tissue is destroyed, it results in the “crown” of the palm dying
and this inability to produce new fronds gradually leads to palm death.
Palms, especially highly susceptible Canary Islands date palms, Phoenix canariensis, that are in the
advanced stages of infection may have a “halo” of green fronds around the top
of the trunk, and the palm crown disintegrates and dies.
More
than 50 natural enemies have been reported to attack Rhynchophorus species, even if most of
them are associated to R. ferrugineus
(Olivier), but there is little information on the other species of the
genus. Fungi are considered important
for inclusion in future integrated pest management programs.
REFERENCES:
Gabriela Esparza-Díaz, Alma Olguin, Lynn K. Carta, Andrea
M. Skantar & Raul T. Villanueva. 2013. Detection of Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera:
Curculionidae) and Identification of Associated Nematodes in South
Texas. Florida Entomologist 96
(4): 1513-1521.
Giblin-Davis, R,
M, et al. 1996. Chemical and behavioral ecology of palm
weevils (Curculionidae: Rhychophorinae).
Florida Entomologist 79: 153-167.
Hodel, D. R., M. A.
Marika & L. M. Ohara. 2016. The
South American palm weevil, a new threat to palms in California and the
southwest. Palm Arbor 3: 1-27.
Hunsberger, G. B., R. M.Giblin-Davis
& T. J. Weissling. 2000. Symptoms and population dynamics of
Rhynchophorus cruentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Canary Island date
palms. Florida Entomol. 83: 290-303.
Oehlschlager, A. C.;
C. Chinchilla, G. Castillo, & L. Gonzalez 2002. Control of red ring
disease by mass trapping of Rhynchophorus palmarum
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Florida
Entomologist, 85 (3): 507-513.
Wattanapongsiri A.
1966. A Revision of the Genera
Rhynchophorus and Dynamis. Department of Agricultural Science,
Bangkok (T.H.).
Wilson M. 1963. Investigations
into the development of the palm weevil, Rhynchophorus
palmarum. Tropical Agriculture
Trinidad 40: 185–196.
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